Renal Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with celldeath by apoptosis. In one study that assessed theefficacy of TUDCA in AKI, it was found that GRP 78 and CHOP expression was blocked, which reduced caspase 12 activation and apoptosis in [...]

read more

Gastrointestinal Disorders

TUDCA has been used to treat experimental gastrointestinal disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are immune-mediated disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that are chronically relapsing. ER stress mechanisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic conditions [...]

read more

Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ER stress has been shown to increase production of endothelium-derived contractile factors (EDCFs), such as vasoconstrictor prostanoids that increase resistance, resulting in hypertension.TUDCA treatment in rats for 1 week showed [...]

read more

Obesity

Adipose tissue is important in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and its dysfunction can lead to obesity and type II diabetes. Increased adipose tissue can result in elevated ER stress induced by free fatty acid(FFA)-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and [...]

read more

DIABETES

          Type I diabetes is associated with the loss of insulin-producing islet cells of the pancreas, primarily via targeting and destruction by the immune system. Type II diabetes is typically characterized by normal insulin production by pancreatic islet cells [...]

read more

Summary of Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, more commonly referred to as TUDCA, is a bile salt that is found natrually occurring in the body. When regular bile salts reach the intestines, they can be metabolized by bacteria into UDCA and then later bound [...]

read more

Ocular Disorders

TUDCA has been shown to ameliorate a number of retinal disorders. Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a genetic disease in which a single point mutation in the rhodopsin-encoding gene (RHO) leads to loss of rod photoreceptor cells via protein misfolding [...]

read more